Understanding Complex Sentences

In English grammar, a complex sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause (a complete sentence) and at least one dependent clause. Dependent clauses, also known as subordinate clauses, rely on the independent clause to form a complete thought. Let’s explore complex sentences in more detail.

What is an Independent Clause?

An independent clause, also called a main clause, is a group of words that can stand alone as a sentence. It contains a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought. Here are some examples of independent clauses:

• “The cat slept on the windowsill.”
• “She completed her homework early.”

What is a Dependent Clause?

A dependent clause, on the other hand, cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It depends on the independent clause to give it meaning. Dependent clauses often begin with subordinating conjunctions such as “although,” “because,” “while,” “if,” and “when.” Here are examples of dependent clauses:

• “Although he studied hard,”
• “Because she was tired,”

Combining Independent and Dependent Clauses

Complex sentences are formed by combining an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses. The dependent clause provides additional information or context to the main clause. Let’s look at some examples of complex sentences:

• “Although it was raining, they went for a walk.”
• “Because she had practiced, she performed well in the concert.”
• “When the bell rang, the students quickly packed up their books.”

Punctuation in Complex Sentences

When joining independent and dependent clauses to form a complex sentence, it’s essential to use appropriate punctuation. A common way to connect them is by using subordinating conjunctions and punctuation marks such as commas. Here are examples of correctly punctuated complex sentences:

• “Although it was hot, they decided to go for a hike.”
• “Because she studied diligently, she aced the test.”
• “When the movie ended, we went out for ice cream.”

Practice Time!

Now that you understand the basics of complex sentences, it’s time to practice! Try combining independent and dependent clauses to create your complex sentences. Remember to use subordinating conjunctions and proper punctuation. Here are some prompts to get you started:

1. Write a complex sentence using the subordinating conjunction “although.”
2. Create a complex sentence using the subordinating conjunction “if.”
3. Form a complex sentence using the subordinating conjunction “while.”

Have fun experimenting with complex sentences and enhancing your writing skills!